Saturday, November 17, 2007

Maidstone (borough)
Maidstone is a local government district and borough in Kent, England. Its administrative centre is Maidstone. Maidstone is the County town of Kent, and County Hall is located here. grid reference TQ760560
The district was formed on April 1, 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, and was a merger of the former municipal borough of Maidstone with the rural districts of Hollingbourne and Maidstone. They also have a great football team.

Position
The borough is divided into wards: some wards are within the town of Maidstone urban area; the remainder cover rural districts.

Maidstone (borough) Borough divisions
The Maidstone town wards are: Allington; Bridge; Downswood & Otham (1); East; Fant; Heath; High Street; North; Park Wood; Shepway North; Shepway South; and South.

Town wards
The village wards are:

Barming (1)
Boughton Monchelsea & Chart Sutton
Broomfield & Kingswood
Coxheath (1) & Hunton
Detling parish
Downswood & Otham (1)
Headcorn (1)
Harrietsham (1) & Lenham (1)
Loose
Marden & Yalding
North Downs
Staplehurst (1)
Sutton Valence & Langley
Thurnham parish (1)

  • (1) Villages having a parish council (PC). Within wards above Bredhurst; East Farleigh; Stockbury; Tovil; West Farleigh; and Ulcombe also have a.PC.
    The following villages in the district have no parish council; such as Hucking, Bicknor, Frinsted, Otterden, Wichling & Wormshill . Rural wards

    Roads
    The earliest line through Kent was built by the South Eastern Railway. It was not, however, built to pass through Maidstone: instead, a station was built at Paddock Wood, then named Maidstone Road, some six miles away. It was only in the period between 1844 (when that main line was connected by a branch line to Maidstone) and 1884 that Maidstone became a hub once more, although with local trains only, to Strood, Ashford and (via Swanley Junction to London.

Friday, November 16, 2007

Atlantic Monthly
Jeltoqsan (Kazakh: Желтоқсан; English: December) riot of 1986 was a spontaneous nationwide In the following days, protests spread to Chimkent, Taldy Kyrgan and Karaganda.

Protests
The Central Committee of Kazakhstan's Communist Party estimated that 11,000 people protested, 660 were arrested and jailed. More recent estimates are of at least 30,000 or 40,000 protestors, 5,000 arrested and jailed, an unknown number of casualties.

Zheltoksan Independence

Dinmukhamed Kunayev
Black January
Vilnius massacre
April 9 tragedy
Nursultan Nazarbayev
Zharmakhan Tuyakbay
Gorbachev
Tulip Revolution
Student activism

Thursday, November 15, 2007


EagerLazy evaluation Lazy Partial Remote Short-circuit Strategy
For another use of this term, see Short-circuit evaluation.
In computer programming, lazy evaluation, also called delayed evaluation, is the technique of delaying a computation until such time as the result of the computation is known to be needed.
The benefits of lazy evaluation include: performance increases due to avoiding unnecessary calculations, avoiding error conditions in the evaluation of compound expressions, the ability to construct infinite data structures, and the ability to define control structures as regular functions rather than built-in primitives.
Languages that use lazy evaluation can be further subdivided into those that use a call-by-name evaluation strategy and those that use call-by-need. Most realistic lazy languages, such as Haskell, use call-by-need for performance reasons, but theoretical presentations of lazy evaluation often use call-by-name for simplicity.
The opposite of lazy evaluation is eager evaluation, also known as strict evaluation. Eager evaluation is the evaluation behavior used in most programming languages.

Other uses

Combinatory logic
Currying
Dataflow
Functional programming
Graph reduction
Lambda calculus
Lazy initialization
Lookahead
Minimal evaluation
Non-strict programming language
Normal order evaluation

Wednesday, November 14, 2007


For other places named "Chenango," see Chenango.
Chenango County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2000 census, the population was 51,401. Its name is from an Oneida word meaning "large bull-thistle." Its county seat is Norwich.

History
Chenango County is in the approximate center of the state, west of Albany, north of Binghamton, and southeast of Syracuse. The county is considered to be in the Southern Tier region of New York State.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,328 km² (899 mi²). 2,316 km² (894 mi²) of it is land and 11 km² (4 mi²) of it (0.48%) is water.
The Chenango River, a tributary of the Susquehanna River flows southward through the county.

Chenango County, New York Geography

Madison County, New York - north
Otsego County, New York - northeast
Delaware County, New York - southeast
Broome County, New York - south
Cortland County, New York - west Adjacent Counties
As of the census² of 2000, there were 51,401 people, 19,926 households, and 13,549 families residing in the county. The population density was 22/km² (58/mi²). There were 23,890 housing units at an average density of 10/km² (27/mi²). The racial makeup of the county was 97.65% White, 0.82% Black or African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.22% from other races, and 0.74% from two or more races. 1.07% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 19,926 households out of which 32.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.10% were married couples living together, 9.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.00% were non-families. 26.10% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.01.
In the county the population was spread out with 26.20% under the age of 18, 7.00% from 18 to 24, 27.50% from 25 to 44, 24.40% from 45 to 64, and 14.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 97.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.70 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $33,679, and the median income for a family was $39,711. Males had a median income of $30,363 versus $22,429 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,427. About 10.70% of families and 14.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.50% of those under age 18 and 8.70% of those age 65 or over.

Tuesday, November 13, 2007

Heart of Oak
For other meanings see Hearts of Oak
"Heart of Oak" is the official march of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom. It is also the official march of the Canadian Navy, as well as the Canadian Forces' Naval Operations Branch.
The music was composed by Dr William Boyce and the words were written by the 18th Century English actor David Garrick.
The "wonderful year" referenced in the first verse is 1759-60, during which British forces were victorious in battles at Quebec City and Quiberon Bay, followed a few months later by the Battle of Wandiwash in India in 1760.
Heart of Oak, even though it is the official march of these military branches was originally written as an opera, many marches don't have lyrics, but the operatic lyrics were adopted for this march and are still proudly sung by many soldiers and cadets in the Commonwealth.

Lyrics
Come, cheer up, my lads, 'tis to glory we steer, To add something more to this wonderful year; To honour we call you, as freemen not slaves, For who are as free as the sons of the waves?
CHORUS Heart of oak are our ships, jolly tars are our men, we always are ready; Steady, boys, steady! We'll fight and we'll conquer again and again.
We ne'er see our foes but we wish them to stay, They never see us but they wish us away; If they run, why we follow, and run them ashore, And if they won't fight us, we cannot do more.
CHORUS...
They swear they'll invade us, these terrible foes, They frighten our women, our children and beaus, But should their flat bottoms in darkness get o'er, Still Britons they'll find to receive them on shore.
CHORUS...
Britannia triumphant, her ships sweep the sea, Her standard is Justice -- her watchword, 'be free.' Then cheer up, my lads, with one heart let us sing, Our soldiers, our sailors, our statesmen, and king.
CHORUS...

Monday, November 12, 2007

Doryphoros
The Doryphoros (Greek δορυφόρος, lit. "Spear-Bearer"; Latinized as Doryphorus) is one of the best known sculptures of the ancient classical era in Western Art and an early example of Greek classical contrapposto.

Doryphoros Polykleitos
Doryphoros or doryphorus can be used for the original work by Polykleitos, or to describe any sculpture imitating this pose, whether the figure actually bears a spear or not; e.g., the Augustus of Prima Porta which is ostensibly modelled on the Doryphoros.
In Modern Greek, the term means "satellite"; the term φυσική δορυφόρος (physike doryphoros) is used for natural satellites, while artificial satellite is a τεχνητός δορυφόρος (tekhnetos doryphoros). See el:Τεχνητός Δορυφόρος.

Sunday, November 11, 2007

Calcareous microfossils
Phosphatic microfossils include Conodonts (tiny oral structures of an extinct chordate group), some scolecodonts ("worm" jaws), Shark spines and teeth, and other Fish remains (collectively called "ichthyoliths").

Phosphatic microfossils
Siliceous microfossils include Diatoms, Radiolaria, Silicoflagellates, phytoliths, some scolecodonts ("worm" jaws), and spicules.

Micropaleontology Siliceous microfossils
The study of organic microfossils is called palynology. Organic microfossils include pollen, spores, Chitinozoans (thought to be the egg cases of marine invertebrates), Scolecodonts ("worm" jaws), Acritarchs, Dinoflagellate cysts, and fungal remains.

Methods
Microfossils are especially noteworthy for their importance in biostratigraphy. Since microfossils are often extremely abundant, widespread, and quick to appear and disappear from the stratigraphic record, they constitute ideal index fossils from a biostratigraphic perspective. In addition, the planktonic and nektonic habits of some microfossils gives them the added bonus of appearing across a wide range of facies or paleoenvironments, and having near-global distribution making biostratigraphic correlation even more powerful and effective.
Microfossils also provide some of the most important records of global environmental change on long-timescales, particularly from deep-sea sediments. Across vast areas of the ocean floor the shells of planktonic micro-ogranisms sinking from surface waters provide the dominant source of sediment and they continuously accumulate (typically at rates of 20-50m/million years). Study of changes in assemblages of microfossils and of changes in their shell chemistry (e.g oxygen isotope composition) are fundamental to research on climate change in the geological past.
In addition to providing an excellent tool for sedimentary rock-body dating and for paleoenvironmental reconstruction -- heavily used in both petroleum geology and paleoceanography -- micropaleontology has also found a number of less orthodox applications, such as its growing role in forensic police investigation or in provenancing archaeological artefacts.